In 2007, Goetzmann et al. showed that current performance measures can be misused by investment fund managers and lead to misleading results. They then presented a measure called Manipulation-Proof Performance Measure (MPPM) which as its name implies, is resistant to manipulation. So the aim of this research is to investigate performance manipulation in Iranian equity mutual funds by comparing the results of Manipulation-Proof Performance Measure with the results of a number of current performance measures such as Treynor, Sharpe, Jensen’s Alpha, Information Ratio, Sortino and Upside Potential. For this purpose, a sample of 59 equity mutual funds was used over a time period from March 2013 to March 2017. The research results show that, in addition to the Manipulation-Proof Performance Measure, the current measures also do not show better performance of equity mutual funds than the market; the rank correlation between the majority of current performance measures with the Manipulation-Proof Performance Measure is high and almost the same as their rank correlation with each other. So, there is no performance manipulation in Iranian equity mutual funds.
بادی، زوی؛ کین، الکس، و مارکوس، آلان، جی. (1393). مدیریت سرمایهگذاری، ترجمه روح اله فرهادی و سید مجید شریعت پناهی، جلد دوم، تهران: انتشارات بورس وابسته به شرکت اطلاعرسانی و خدمات بورس.
Alcock, J., Glascock, J., & Steiner, E. (2013). "Manipulation in U.S. REIT investment performance evaluation: Empirical evidence", Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 47(3), 434-465.
Brown, S., Kang, M., In, F., & Lee, G. (2010, January). Resisting the manipulation of performance metrics: An empirical analysis of the manipulation-proof performance measure, Paper presented at the Finance and Corporate Governance Conference.
Chen, D. (2013). An empirical study on mutual fund performance and performance persistence in China (Master's thesis). Lincoln University, New Zealand.
Goetzmann, W., Ingersoll, J., Spiegel, M., & Welch, I. (2007). "Portfolio performance manipulation and manipulation-proof performance measure", The Review of Financial Studies, 20(5), 1503-1546.
González, M. O., Papageorgiou, N. A., & Skinner, F. S. (2016). "Persistent doubt: An examination of hedge fund performance", European Financial Management, 22(4), 613–639.
Goodwin, T. H. (1998). "The information ratio", Financial Analysts Journal, 54(4), 34-43.
Ornelas, J. R. H., Silva Jr., A. F. A., & Faria, A. R. (2008). "Manipulation-Proof performance evaluation of Brazilian fixed income and multimarket funds", Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1162735
Qian, M., & Yu, B. (2015). "Do mutual fund managers manipulate?" Applied Economics Letters, 22(12), 967–971.
Sharpe, W. F. (1966). "Mutual fund performance", The Journal of Business, 39(1), 119-138.
Sortino, F. A., & Price, L. N. (1994). "Performance measurement in a downside risk framework", The Journal of Investing, 3(3), 59-64.
Sortino, F. A., van der Meer, R., & Plantinga, A. (1999). "The dutch triangle: A framework to measure upside potential relative to downside risk", The Journal of Portfolio Management, 26(1), 50-57.
Hosseini,M , Khodaei Valahzaghard,M and Saeedi,A . (2018). Manipulation-Proof Performance Measure: Evidence from Iranian Equity Mutual Funds. Quarterly Journal of Securities Exchange, 10(40), 115-129. doi: 10.22034/jse.2018.11124
MLA
Hosseini,M , , Khodaei Valahzaghard,M , and Saeedi,A . "Manipulation-Proof Performance Measure: Evidence from Iranian Equity Mutual Funds", Quarterly Journal of Securities Exchange, 10, 40, 2018, 115-129. doi: 10.22034/jse.2018.11124
HARVARD
Hosseini M, Khodaei Valahzaghard M, Saeedi A. (2018). 'Manipulation-Proof Performance Measure: Evidence from Iranian Equity Mutual Funds', Quarterly Journal of Securities Exchange, 10(40), pp. 115-129. doi: 10.22034/jse.2018.11124
CHICAGO
M Hosseini, M Khodaei Valahzaghard and A Saeedi, "Manipulation-Proof Performance Measure: Evidence from Iranian Equity Mutual Funds," Quarterly Journal of Securities Exchange, 10 40 (2018): 115-129, doi: 10.22034/jse.2018.11124
VANCOUVER
Hosseini M, Khodaei Valahzaghard M, Saeedi A. Manipulation-Proof Performance Measure: Evidence from Iranian Equity Mutual Funds. Quarterly Journal of Securities Exchange. 2018;10(40):115-129 (In Persian). doi: 10.22034/jse.2018.11124