بررسی ملاک تشخیص ماهیت عقود و دلالت‌های آن بر ارزیابی فقهی قراردادهای بازارهای مالی
فصلنامه بورس اوراق بهادار

فصلنامه بورس اوراق بهادار

بررسی ملاک تشخیص ماهیت عقود و دلالت‌های آن بر ارزیابی فقهی قراردادهای بازارهای مالی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده
استادیار، گروه اقتصاد، دانشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه مفید، قم، ایران
چکیده
در شرایطی که هر روز شاهد ابداع عقود جدیدی در عرصه مبادلات اقتصادی به ویژه بازارهای مالی هستیم، اولین پرسشی که در بررسی فقهی این عقود مطرح می‌شود این است که آیا قرارداد ابداع شده، عقدی جدید است یا مصداقی از عقودِ متعارف با تغییراتی جزئ است و اساساً ملاک قضاوت درباره ماهیت یک عقد و تمییز میان عقود مختلف چیست؟ این موضوع به صراحت در کلام فقهاء پیشین مورد بررسی واقع نشده اما از برخی فتاوای ایشان می‌توان چهار دیدگاه را در این باره احصا کرد: 1) تمایز عقود به اعتبار الفاظ صیغه عقد 2) تمایز عقود به اعتبار فهم عرفی از آن عقد 3) تمایز عقود به اعتبار غرض متعاملین از آن عقد 4) تمایز عقود به اعتبار کارکرد معامله. در نوشتار حاضر با بررسی ادله این اقوال، قول چهارم به عنوان معیار تعیین ماهیت یک عقد، پذیرفته شده است. در ادامه مقاله، برخی دلالت‌های این دیدگاه در بررسی فقهی عقود و ابزارهای بازار سرمایه برشمرده شده است که از جمله مهم‌ترین آنها تأثیر بر قلمرو استفاده از حیل شرعی، قلمرو قاعده شروط و شیوه ارزیابی فقهی قراردادهای جدید می‌باشد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Investigating the criteria for distinguishing the nature of contracts and its implications on the jurisprudential evaluation of financial market contracts

نویسنده English

Mahdi Mazhar Gharamaleki
Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Faculty of Economics, Mofid University, Qom, Iran.
چکیده English

We see the creation of new contracts in the financial markets. The first question that arises in the jurisprudential examination of these contracts is whether the invented contract is really a new contract or an example of conventional contracts with minor changes. And basically, what is the criterion for judging the nature of a contract and distinguishing between different contracts? This issue has not been explicitly discussed in the words of the previous jurists, but from some of their fatwas, four views can be counted in this regard: 1) Differentiation of contracts based on the contract words; 2) Differentiation of contracts based on the customary understanding of that contract 3) Differentiation Contracts based on the intention of the parties from that contract 4) Differentiation of contracts based on the function of the transaction. In this article, by examining the evidence of these statements, the fourth statement is accepted as the criterion for determining the nature of a contract. Then some implications of this point of view are enumerated in the jurisprudential review of contracts and capital market instruments. The most important effect of this point of view the domain of the use of sharia remedies, the domain of the rule of conditions and the method of jurisprudence evaluation of new contracts.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

The nature of contracts
Invented contracts
Custom
Function of contract
Financial markets
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